
Dogs: from Learned Helplessness to Learned Joyfulness
A while back, I watched an episode of Our America where Lisa Ling was exploring the world of underaged prostitution. The eleven- to sixteen-year-old girls were mostly runaways who were “rescued” from the streets and then sent out to turn tricks by men who, for all intents and purposes, held them hostage. When some of the girls tried to leave, they were beaten and intimidated, to the point that they never tried it again. Naturally, this was terrible to see. But with my mind ne